The loss of biodiversity as well as global warming is seen with concern in the world as one of the most critical challenges facing humankind in the 21st century. Scientific communities have warned about the grave consequences the environmental issues may cause since the end of the 20th century. Now, there is a rapidly growing consensus in our society that we are running short of time.

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 Decarbonization efforts to combat global warming have progressed from the "social recognition of the problem" stage, through "risk assessment including political and economic aspects" to the "implementation of comprehensive approaches to achieve the goal" stage. Regarding the crisis of biodiversity loss, countries around the world have begun to cooperate through the similar developmental stages we saw in the issues of global warming. More efforts are expected to realize a "nature-positive" society that restores ecosystems on the Earth.